Medical Imaging Devices, Punch Card Reader, Sensors, Sonar Imaging Devices, Web Cam

20} Punch Card Reader: Punch card were widely used in the 20th century for storing of data. It was invented by Herman Hollerith. He uses these card firstly in statistics tabulation of the New York City Board of Health and several states. After this trial use, punched cards were adopted for use in the 1890 census. A punch card is a small piece of paper which can hold data in a small tiny holes. The size of the card is 82 * 186 millimeters which are - by the way - the same measures that were used previously in the US dollar. The card has 12 lines and 80 columns. One example of the use of punch card technology is in the renowned Turing machine invented by Alan Turing, a leader at the time in the information technology movement.

21} Sensors:  A sensor is device, module or subsystem which can detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. t. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, blood pressure, humidity, or any one of a great number of other environmental activity and convert it into a signal which can be measured electrically for further processing.

Touch Sensor

Type of Sensor – the presence of an object can be detected with proximity sensors, and there are several kinds of sensor technologies including here ultrasonic sensors,  photoelectric, inductive, magnetic, Temperature Sensor, IR Sensor, Touch Sensor, Pressure Sensor, Level Sensors, Smoke and Gas Sensors, Airflow Sensors, Motion Sensors, Sonar Sensors. 

Temperature Sensor

22} Sonar Imaging Devices: Sonar Imaging Devices are those which can use for detecting and locating objects especially underwater by means of sound waves sent out to be reflected by the objects. This device is basically used by marines.

There are two types of Sonars:

a} Active Sonar: Active sonar transducers emit an acoustic signal or pulse of sound into the water. If an object is in the path of the sound pulse, the sound bounces off the object and returns an “echo” to the sonar transducer.

b} Passive Sonar: Passive sonar systems are used primarily to detect noise from marine objects (such as submarines or ships) and marine animals like whales. Unlike active sonar, passive sonar does not emit its own signal, which is an advantage for military vessels that do not want to be found.

23} Web Cam: A webcam – short for ‘web camera’ – is a digital camera that’s connected to a computer. It can send live pictures from wherever it’s sited to another location by means of the internet. Many desktop computer screens and laptops come with a built-in camera and microphone, but if yours doesn’t, you can add a separate webcam at any time.

The first webcam is considered to be the XCoffee, also known as the Trojan Room coffee pot. The camera started in 1991 with the help of Quentin Stafford-Fraser and Paul Jardetzky and connected to the Internet in November of 1993 with the help of Daniel Gordon and Martyn Johnson. 

Applications of the Webcam are:

·        Buildings, Offices and Shopping Malls

·        Banking Sector

Logitech - HD Webcam C310

·        Video Calling

·        Astro Photography

·        Robotic Technology

·        Home Security Systems

·        Input Control Devices

·        Roads and Parking areas

24} Medical Imaging Devices: Medical imaging is the technique of producing visual representations of areas inside the human body to diagnose medical problems and monitor treatment.  Medical imaging has made that challenge far easier over the last century. 

Types of Medical Imaging

CT Scan

a)    Radiography

b)   Magnetic resonance imaging

c)    Nuclear medicine 

d)   Ultrasound 

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